| Intensive Livestock Operations, Health, and Quality of Life among Eastern North Carolina Residents Steve Wing and Susanne Wolf Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Abstract
People who live near industrial swine operations have reported decreased health and quality of life. To investigate these issues, we surveyed residents of three rural communities, one in the vicinity of an approximately 6,000-head hog operation, one in the vicinity of two intensive cattle operations, and a third rural agricultural area without livestock operations that use liquid waste management systems. Trained interviewers obtained information about health symptoms and reduced quality of life during the previous 6 months. We completed 155 interviews, with a refusal rate of 14%. Community differences in the mean number of episodes were compared with adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and employment status. The average number of episodes of many symptoms was similar in the three communities ; however, certain respiratory and gastrointestinal problems and mucous membrane irritation were elevated among residents in the vicinity of the hog operation. Residents in the vicinity of the hog operation reported increased occurrences of headaches, runny nose, sore throat, excessive coughing, diarrhea, and burning eyes as compared to residents of the community with no intensive livestock operations. Quality of life, as indicated by the number of times residents could not open their windows or go outside even in nice weather, was similar in the control and the community in the vicinity of the cattle operation but greatly reduced among residents near the hog operation. Respiratory and mucous membrane effects were consistent with the results of studies of occupational exposures among swine confinement-house workers and previous findings for neighbors of intensive swine operations. Long-term physical and mental health impacts could not be investigated in this study. Key words: African Americans, agricultural health, air pollution, epidemiology, respiratory conditions, rural health. Environ Health Perspect 108:233-238 (2000) . [Online 8 February 2000] http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2000/108p233-238wing/ abstract.html Address correspondence to S. Wing, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, CB 7400, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400 USA. Telephone: (919) 966-7416. Fax: (919) 966-2089. E-mail: steve_wing@unc.edu We thank the community members and organizations, without whom this research would not have been possible. We also thank J. Emery for the coordination of field work, E. Gregory for analytical programming and data management, and R. Avery, M. Garvin, and S. Jackson for interviewing community residents. This research was supported by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services Division of Public Health and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant R25-ES08206-04 under the Environmental Justice: Partnerships for Communication program. Received 14 July 1999 ; accepted 29 September 1999.
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