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Gina Muckle,¹ Pierre Ayotte,¹ Éric Dewailly,¹ Sandra W. Jacobson,² and Joseph L. Jacobson³

¹Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University and Public Health Research Unit, CHUQ Research Center (CHUL), Beauport, Québec, Canada; ²Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; ³Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to to identify maternal characteristics associated with traditional food consumption and to examine food items associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury body burden in pregnant Inuit women from Northern Québec. We interviewed women from three communities at mid-pregnancy and at 1 and 11 months postpartum. We measured PCBs, Hg, and selenium in maternal blood ; Hg was also measured in maternal hair. The women reported eating significant amounts of fish, beluga muktuk/fat, seal meat, and seal fat. Although consumption of fish and seal was associated with lower socioeconomic status, consumption of beluga whale was uniform across strata. Fish and seal meat consumption was associated with increased Hg concentrations in hair. Traditional food intake during pregnancy was unrelated to PCB body burden, which is more a function of lifetime consumption. This study corroborated previous findings relating marine mammal and fish consumption to increased Hg and selenium body burden. Despite widespread knowledge regarding the presence of these contaminants in traditional foods, a large proportion of Inuit women increased their consumption of these foods during pregnancy, primarily because of pregnancy-related changes in food preferences and the belief that these foods are beneficial during pregnancy. Key words: Canada, Inuit, methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ Health Perspect 109:957-963 (2001) . [Online 12 September 2001]

http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2001/109p957-963muckle/ abstract.html

Address correspondence to G. Muckle, Public Health Research Unit, CHUQ Research Center (CHUL) , 2400 D'Estimauville, Beauport, Québec G1E 7G9, Canada. Telephone: (418) 666-7000, ext. 360. Fax (418) 666-2776. E-mail: gina.muckle@crchul.ulaval.ca

We are grateful to the Nunavik population and health care professionals for their collaboration ; the Nunavik Nutrition and Health Committee, Municipal Councils, Pauktuutit Inuit Women's and Nunalituqait Ikaluqatigiitut Associations for their support ; and E. Lachance, C. Bouffard, K. Poitras, C. Vézina, L. Chiodo, and B. Tuttle for their assistance.

This study was funded by grant R01-ES07902 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH and grants from Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (Northern Contaminants Program) , Health Canada, and Hydro-Québec (Environmental Child Health Initiative) .

Received 9 January 2001 ; accepted 14 March 2001.