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| On the Cover | Perfluoroalkyl acids (such as PFOS and PFOA) and related chemicals are widely used in everyday products to repel stains, oil, and water. Their persistence and ubiquitousness in the environment have raised grave concerns about the implications for human health. The Focus article examines the state of the knowledge on the health effects of these chemicals.
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Review
POPULATION HEALTH | What Do We Feed to Food-Production Animals? A Review of Animal Feed Ingredients and Their Potential Impacts on Human Health
Amy R. Sapkota,
Lisa Y. Lefferts, Shawn McKenzie, and Polly Walker
663 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
Research
TOXICOLOGY | The OECD Program to Validate the Rat Hershberger Bioassay to Screen Compounds for in Vivo Androgen and Antiandrogen Responses: Phase 2 Dose–Response Studies
William Owens, L. Earl Gray Jr., Errol Zeiger, Michael Walker, Kanji Yamasaki, John Ashby, and Elard Jacob
671 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
RESPIRATORY DISEASE | Mortality Effects of a Copper Smelter Strike and Reduced Ambient Sulfate Particulate Matter Air Pollution
C. Arden Pope III, Douglas L. Rodermund, and Matthew M. Gee
679 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT | Linkage of the California Pesticide Use Reporting Database with Spatial Land Use Data for Exposure Assessment
John R. Nuckols, Robert B. Gunier, Philip Riggs, Ryan Miller, Peggy Reynolds, and Mary H. Ward
684 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE | Chronic Arsenic Exposure and Cardiac Repolarization Abnormalities with QT Interval Prolongation in a Population–based Study
Judy L. Mumford, Kegong Wu, Yajuan Xia, Richard Kwok, Zhihui Yang, James Foster, and William E. Sanders Jr.
 Also see Science Selections, p. A262
690 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT | Elevated Lead in Drinking Water in Washington, DC, 2003–2004: The Public Health Response
Tee L. Guidotti, Thomas Calhoun, John O. Davies-Cole,
Maurice E. Knuckles, Lynette Stokes, Chevelle Glymph, Garret Lum, Marina S. Moses, David F. Goldsmith, and Lisa Ragain
695 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), Leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and Endocrine Disruption in Rats
Barry M. Markaverich, Mary Alejandro, Trellis Thompson, Shaila Mani, Andrea Reyna, Wendy Portillo, John Sharp, John Turk, and Jan R. Crowley
702 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
RESPIRATORY DISEASE | Coarse Particulate Matter (PM2.5–10) Affects Heart Rate Variability, Blood Lipids, and Circulating Eosinophils in Adults with Asthma
Karin Yeatts, Erik Svendsen, John Creason, Neil Alexis, Margaret Herbst, James Scott, Lawrence Kupper, Ronald Williams, Lucas Neas, Wayne Cascio, Robert B. Devlin, and David B. Peden
709 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
CANCER | Temporal Variability of Tungsten and Cobalt in Fallon, Nevada
Paul R. Sheppard, Robert J. Speakman, Gary Ridenour, and Mark L. Witten
Also see Science Selections, p. A263
715 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | Atrazine-Induced Aromatase Expression Is SF-1 Dependent: Implications for Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife and Reproductive Cancers in Humans
WuQiang Fan, Toshihiko Yanase, Hidetaka Morinaga, Shigeki Gondo, Taijiro Okabe, Masatoshi Nomura, Tomoko Komatsu, Ken-Ichirou Morohashi, Tyrone B. Hayes, Ryoichi Takayanagi, and Hajime Nawata
720 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
RESPIRATORY DISEASE | Efficient Elimination of Inhaled Nanoparticles from the Alveolar Region: Evidence for Interstitial Uptake and Subsequent Reentrainment onto Airways Epithelium
Manuela Semmler-Behnke, Shinji Takenaka, Steffanie Fertsch, Alexander Wenk, Jürgen Seitz, Paula Mayer, Günter Oberdörster, and Wolfgang G. Kreyling
728 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
DIABETES | Molecular Mechanisms of the Diabetogenic Effects of Arsenic: Inhibition of Insulin Signaling by Arsenite and Methylarsonous Acid
David S. Paul, Anne W. Harmon, Vicenta Devesa, David J. Thomas, and Miroslav Stýblo
734 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT | Quantifying the Efficiency and Equity Implications of Power Plant Air Pollution Control Strategies in the United States
Jonathan I. Levy, Andrew M. Wilson, and Leonard M. Zwack
743 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT | Mortality Risk Associated with Short-Term Exposure to Traffic Particles and Sulfates
Dan Maynard, Brent A. Coull, Alexandros Gryparis, and Joel Schwartz
Also see Science Selections, p. A262
751 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
TOXICOGENOMICS | Proteomic Analysis of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid: Effect of Acute Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles in Rats
John A. Lewis, K. Murali Krishna Rao,
Vince Castranova, Val Vallyathan, William E. Dennis, and Paul L. Knechtges
756 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT | Meeting Report: Alternatives for Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing
Pamela Lein, Paul Locke, and Alan Goldberg
764 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE | Particulate Air Pollution, Progression, and Survival after Myocardial Infarction
Antonella Zanobetti and Joel Schwartz
769 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
CHILDREN'S HEALTH
RISK ASSESSMENT | Fetal Deaths and Proximity to Hazardous Waste Sites in Washington State
Beth A. Mueller, Carrie M. Kuehn, Carrie K. Shapiro-Mendoza, and Kay M. Tomashek
Also see Science Selections, p. A263
776 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT | The SHEDS–Wood Model: Incorporation of Observational Data to Estimate Exposure to Arsenic for Children Playing on CCA–Treated Wood Structures
Leila M. Barraj, Joyce S. Tsuji, and Carolyn G. Scrafford
781 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
EPIDEMIOLOGY | Case Report: Three Farmworkers Who Gave Birth to Infants with Birth Defects Closely Grouped in Time and Place—Florida and North Carolina, 2004–2005
Geoffrey M. Calvert, Walter A. Alarcon, Ann Chelminski, Mark S. Crowley, Rosanna Barrett, Adolfo Correa, Sheila Higgins, Hugo L. Leon, Jane Correia, Alan Becker, Ruth H. Allen, and Elizabeth Evans
787 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
NEURODEVELOPMENT | Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Neurodevelopment in Young Mexican-American Children
Brenda Eskenazi, Amy R. Marks, Asa Bradman, Kim Harley, Dana B. Barr, Caroline Johnson, Norma Morga, and Nicholas P. Jewell
792 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
MINI-MONOGRAPH
RISK ASSESSMENT | If Cumulative Risk Assessment Is the Answer, What Is the Question?
Michael A. Callahan and Ken Sexton
799 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
RISK ASSESSMENT | A Phased Approach for Assessing Combined Effects from Multiple Stressors
Charles A. Menzie, Margaret M. MacDonell, and Moiz Mumtaz
807 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
RISK ASSESSMENT | Vulnerability as a Function of Individual and Group Resources in Cumulative Risk Assessment
Peter L. deFur, Gary W. Evans, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal, Amy D. Kyle,
Rachel A. Morello-Frosch, and David R. Williams
817 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
RISK ASSESSMENT | Assessing Cumulative Health Risks from Exposure to Environmental Mixtures—Three Fundamental Questions
Ken Sexton and Dale Hattis
825 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
RISK ASSESSMENT | Using Biomarkers to Inform Cumulative Risk Assessment
P. Barry Ryan, Thomas A. Burke, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal, Jerome J. Cura, and Thomas E. McKone
833 [ Abstract ] [ Full ] [ PDF ]
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