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March 2003

Volume 108, Number 5
ajs Volume 108 Number 5 (March 2003): 976–1017
0002-9602/2003/10805-0002$10.00
DOI: 10.1086/374405

Neighborhood Mechanisms and the Spatial Dynamics of Birth Weight1

Jeffrey D. Morenoff

University of Michigan

This study addresses two questions about why neighborhood contexts matter for individuals via a multilevel, spatial analysis of birth weight for 101,662 live births within 342 Chicago neighborhoods. First, what are the mechanisms through which neighborhood structural composition is related to health? The results show that mechanisms related to stress and adaptation (violent crime, reciprocal exchange and participation in local voluntary associations) are the most robust neighborhood-level predictors of birth weight. Second, are contextual influences on health limited to the immediate neighborhood or do they extend to a wider geographic context? The results show that contextual effects on birth weight extend to the social environment beyond the immediate neighborhood, even after adjusting for potentially confounding covariates. These findings suggest that the theoretical understanding and empirical estimation of “neighborhood effects” on health are bolstered by collecting data on more causally proximate social processes and by taking into account spatial interdependencies among neighborhoods.

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  • 1I thank Jim House, Robert J. Sampson, and Stephen Raudenbush for their comments on earlier drafts. I gratefully acknowledge support from the National Institute of Child and Human Development (NICHD) through a core support grant (P30-HD10003) to the Population Studies Center, University of Michigan. Direct all correspondence to Jeffrey D. Morenoff, Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, 1225 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. E-mail:

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